SOLID Principles in Plain English (With Code That Isn’t Contrived)

SOLID principles guide code organization: Single Responsibility (one job per class), Open/Closed (extend without modifying), Liskov Substitution (subclasses work where parents do), Interface Segregation (specific interfaces over general ones), Dependency Inversion (depend on abstractions). They’re not absolute rules—they’re guardrails that prevent common refactoring nightmares.